feat(第7讲 字母卡牌): 实现记忆游戏并添加开始界面

- 新增 jiyi.py 文件，实现字母翻牌记忆游戏功能
- 添加 youxijiemian.py 文件，创建游戏开始界面
- 使用 turtle 和 tkinter 模块分别实现游戏和界面
- 支持选择不同难度的游戏模式

第23讲扫雷/课堂成果/扫雷.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import tkinter as tk
+from tkinter import messagebox
+import random
+
+class MineSweeper:
+    def __init__(self, master, rows, cols, mines):
+        self.master = master
+        self.rows = rows
+        self.cols = cols
+        self.mines = mines
+        self.buttons = {}
+        self.board = [[0 for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
+        self.revealed = [[False for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
+        self.flags = [[False for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]
+        self.game_over = False
+
+        self.generate_mines()
+        self.create_widgets()
+
+    def generate_mines(self):
+        count = 0
+        while count < self.mines:
+            r = random.randint(0, self.rows - 1)
+            c = random.randint(0, self.cols - 1)
+            if self.board[r][c] == -1:
+                continue
+            self.board[r][c] = -1
+            count += 1
+
+            # 更新周围数字
+            for i in range(r - 1, r + 2):
+                for j in range(c - 1, c + 2):
+                    if 0 <= i < self.rows and 0 <= j < self.cols and self.board[i][j] != -1:
+                        self.board[i][j] += 1
+
+    def create_widgets(self):
+        for r in range(self.rows):
+            for c in range(self.cols):
+                b = tk.Button(self.master, width=2, height=1, font=('Arial', 14),
+                              command=lambda r=r, c=c: self.reveal_cell(r, c))
+                b.bind("<Button-3>", lambda e, r=r, c=c: self.toggle_flag(r, c))
+                b.grid(row=r, column=c)
+                self.buttons[(r, c)] = b
+
+    def reveal_cell(self, r, c):
+        if self.game_over or self.revealed[r][c] or self.flags[r][c]:
+            return
+        if self.board[r][c] == -1:
+            self.buttons[(r, c)].config(text="💣", bg="red")
+            self.game_over = True
+            self.show_all_mines()
+            messagebox.showerror("游戏结束", "你踩到雷啦！")
+            return
+
+        self.flood_fill(r, c)
+        self.check_win()
+
+    def flood_fill(self, r, c):
+        if not (0 <= r < self.rows and 0 <= c < self.cols):
+            return
+        if self.revealed[r][c] or self.flags[r][c]:
+            return
+        self.revealed[r][c] = True
+        val = self.board[r][c]
+        btn = self.buttons[(r, c)]
+        btn.config(relief=tk.SUNKEN, text=str(val) if val > 0 else "", state=tk.DISABLED, bg="lightgray")
+        if val == 0:
+            for dr in (-1, 0, 1):
+                for dc in (-1, 0, 1):
+                    if dr != 0 or dc != 0:
+                        self.flood_fill(r + dr, c + dc)
+
+    def toggle_flag(self, r, c):
+        if self.revealed[r][c] or self.game_over:
+            return
+        if self.flags[r][c]:
+            self.flags[r][c] = False
+            self.buttons[(r, c)].config(text="")
+        else:
+            self.flags[r][c] = True
+            self.buttons[(r, c)].config(text="🚩")
+
+    def show_all_mines(self):
+        for r in range(self.rows):
+            for c in range(self.cols):
+                if self.board[r][c] == -1:
+                    self.buttons[(r, c)].config(text="💣")
+
+    def check_win(self):
+        for r in range(self.rows):
+            for c in range(self.cols):
+                if self.board[r][c] != -1 and not self.revealed[r][c]:
+                    return
+        self.game_over = True
+        messagebox.showinfo("胜利！", "恭喜你，排雷成功！")
+
+# 自定义参数
+def start_game():
+    try:
+        rows = int(entry_rows.get())
+        cols = int(entry_cols.get())
+        mines = int(entry_mines.get())
+        if rows <= 0 or cols <= 0 or mines <= 0 or mines >= rows * cols:
+            raise ValueError
+    except:
+        messagebox.showerror("输入错误", "请输入合理的行列和雷数")
+        return
+
+    settings_window.destroy()
+    root = tk.Tk()
+    root.title("扫雷")
+    MineSweeper(root, rows, cols, mines)
+    root.mainloop()
+
+# 设置窗口
+settings_window = tk.Tk()
+settings_window.title("扫雷设置")
+
+tk.Label(settings_window, text="行数：").grid(row=0, column=0)
+entry_rows = tk.Entry(settings_window)
+entry_rows.insert(0, "10")
+entry_rows.grid(row=0, column=1)
+
+tk.Label(settings_window, text="列数：").grid(row=1, column=0)
+entry_cols = tk.Entry(settings_window)
+entry_cols.insert(0, "10")
+entry_cols.grid(row=1, column=1)
+
+tk.Label(settings_window, text="雷数：").grid(row=2, column=0)
+entry_mines = tk.Entry(settings_window)
+entry_mines.insert(0, "10")
+entry_mines.grid(row=2, column=1)
+
+tk.Button(settings_window, text="开始游戏", command=start_game).grid(row=3, column=0, columnspan=2)
+
+settings_window.mainloop()

第24讲贪吃蛇/课堂成果/贪吃蛇.py

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+"""Snake，经典街机游戏。
+
+练习：
+1. 如何让蛇变快或变慢？
+2. 如何让蛇可以从一边穿越到另一边？
+3. 如何让食物移动？
+4. 修改为点击鼠标控制蛇移动。
+"""
+
+from random import randrange
+from turtle import *
+from freegames import square, vector
+#pip install freegames -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/
+# 食物位置
+food = vector(0, 0)
+# 蛇的身体坐标列表（初始只有一个身体段）
+snake = [vector(10, 0)]
+# 移动方向
+aim = vector(10, 0)
+def change(x, y):
+    """改变蛇的移动方向。"""
+    aim.x = x
+    aim.y = y
+def inside(head):
+    """判断蛇头是否在边界内。"""
+    return -200 < head.x < 190 and -200 < head.y < 190
+def move():
+    """让蛇向前移动一个单位。"""
+    head = snake[-1].copy()
+    head.move(aim)
+    # 如果撞墙或撞到自己，则游戏结束
+    if not inside(head) or head in snake:
+        square(head.x, head.y, 9, 'red')  # 撞到后显示红色方块
+        update()
+        return
+    snake.append(head)  # 增加新的蛇头
+    if head == food:
+        print('蛇长：', len(snake))
+        # 随机生成新的食物位置（在格子上）
+        food.x = randrange(-15, 15) * 10
+        food.y = randrange(-15, 15) * 10
+    else:
+        snake.pop(0)  # 移除蛇尾
+
+    clear()
+
+    # 画出蛇的每一节身体
+    for body in snake:
+        square(body.x, body.y, 9, 'black')
+
+    # 画出食物
+    square(food.x, food.y, 9, 'green')
+    update()
+    ontimer(move, 100)  # 每100毫秒调用一次 move，实现动画
+
+
+# 初始化窗口
+setup(420, 420, 370, 0)
+hideturtle()     # 隐藏箭头图标
+tracer(False)    # 关闭自动刷新
+listen()         # 开启键盘监听
+
+# 绑定按键改变方向
+onkey(lambda: change(10, 0), 'Right')
+onkey(lambda: change(-10, 0), 'Left')
+onkey(lambda: change(0, 10), 'Up')
+onkey(lambda: change(0, -10), 'Down')
+
+# 开始游戏
+move()
+done()